{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:31:21Z","timestamp":1780101081681,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004847","name":"Zahedan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) is spreading rapidly and existing data has suggested a number of\u00a0susceptibility factors for developing a severe course of the disease. \u00a0The current case\u2010control experiment is aimed to study the associations of genetic polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factors (<jats:italic>TNFs<\/jats:italic>) with COVID\u201019 and its mortality rate. A total of 550 participants (275 subjects and 275 controls) were enrolled. The tetra\u2010amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction technique was recruited to detect \u2212308G&gt;A <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and +252A&gt;G <jats:italic>TNF\u03b2<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms among the Iranian subjects. We demonstrated that carriers of the G allele of <jats:italic>TNF\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010252A\/G, rs909253 A&gt;G were\u00a0more frequent in COVID\u201019 subjects compared to the healthy group and this allele statistically increased the disease risk (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.23\u20131.96, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.0001). At the same time, the A allele of <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010311A\/G, rs1800629 G&gt;A moderately decreased the risk of COVID\u201019 (OR\u2009=\u20090.68, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.53\u20130.86, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.002). Also, we analyzed the various genotypes regarding the para\u2010clinical and disorder severity; we found that in the AA genotype of <jats:italic>TNF\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010252A\/G (rs909253 A&gt;G), the computed tomography scan pattern was different in comparison to cases carrying the AG genotype with <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001. In addition, in the severe cases of COVID\u201019, leukocyte and neutrophil count and duration of intensive care unit hospitalization in the deceased patients were\u00a0significantly increased (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001). Moreover, the <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010311A\/G (rs1800629 G&gt;A) variant is likely to change the pattern of splicing factor sites. Our findings provided deep insights into the relationship between <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>TNF\u03b2<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Replicated studies may give scientific evidence for exploring molecular mechanisms of COVID\u201019 in other ethnicities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T16:36:38Z","timestamp":1637858198000},"page":"1502-1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Association of polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factors with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and mortality rate: A case\u2010control study and in silico analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Heidari Nia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan 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Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rahdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2255-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Sargazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sarhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Saravani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan 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