{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:43:37Z","timestamp":1790934217921,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in many countries that have introduced universal rotavirus mass vaccination. This is the first study to report data on NoV strains in Estonia. We recruited 2249 children aged 0\u201318 years hospitalized for AGE in Estonian hospitals from February 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016. Norovirus gastroenteritis (NoVGE) was diagnosed in 14.5% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009325) cases. Stool sample for RNA extraction and genotyping was available in 86% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009280) of NoVGE cases (2015, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200991; 2016, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009189). Dominant capsid types detected in 75% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009210) samples were, GII.4 (63.8%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009134), GII.3 (15.2%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932), GII.17 (6.7%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914), and GII.6 (5.2%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911). Prevailing RNA polymerase types found in 77% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009215) samples were GII.P31 (51.1%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009110), GII.P21 (17.7%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200938), GII.P4 (11.2%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924), and GII.P7 (6.5%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914). Both regions were typeable for 67% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009189) of samples. Most prevalent strains were GII.4Sydney_2012[P31] (48.7%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200992), GII.3[P21] (15.3%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929), GII.4Sydney_2012[P4] (5.8%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911) and GII.17[P17] (5.8%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911). Simpson's diversity index showed a significant difference between the age groups 1\u20134 and 5\u20139 years: D 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55\u20130.73) versus 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81\u20130.86), respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). An accurate understanding of NoV strain diversity is important for control and preventive measures, especially in the postrotavirus vaccine era.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T08:59:43Z","timestamp":1638435583000},"page":"2632-2639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Norovirus strains among children aged 0\u201318 years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Estonia 2015\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7007-2494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadri","family":"K\u00f5ivum\u00e4gi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6496-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute for Health Development Tallinn Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4905-4873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolin","family":"Toompere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiie","family":"Soeorg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3735-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eveli","family":"Kallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-0951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ene\u2010Ly","family":"J\u00f5geda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1569-8830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristi","family":"Huik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5082-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irja","family":"Lutsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072788"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1510327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1206589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-1945-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30059-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70767-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"KristenLVesikari Clinical Severity Scoring manual.2011. 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