{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T10:44:54Z","timestamp":1767523494459,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010753","name":"National Health Laboratory Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001323","name":"Poliomyelitis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infections are an underappreciated cause of stroke, particularly in young and immunocompromised individuals. Varicella\u2010zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, particularly ophthalmic zoster, has been linked to increased risk of stroke but diagnosing VZV\u2010associated cerebral vasculopathy is challenging as neither a recent zoster rash, nor detectable levels of VZV DNA are universally present at stroke presentation. Detection of VZV IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF\u2010VZVG) presents a promising alternative, but requires evaluation of individual blood\u2010CSF dynamics, particularly in the setting of chronic inflammatory states such as HIV infection. Consequently, its use has not been broadly adopted as simple diagnostic algorithms are not available. In this study looking at young adults presenting with acute stroke, we used an algorithm that includes testing for both VZV nucleic acids and CSF\u2010VZVG which was corrected for blood\u2010CSF barrier dynamics and poly\u2010specific immune activation. We found that 13 of 35 (37%), including 7 with a positive CSF VZV PCR, young HIV\u2010infected adults presenting with stroke, 3 of 34 (9%) young HIV\u2010uninfected adults presenting with stroke, and 1 of 18 (6%) HIV\u2010infected nonstroke controls demonstrated evidence of central nervous system reactivation of VZV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T11:48:48Z","timestamp":1644320928000},"page":"2675-2683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Varicella\u2010zoster virus reactivation is frequently detected in HIV\u2010infected individuals presenting with stroke"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1477-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert","family":"Marais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology University of Cape Town  Cape 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