{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T02:15:26Z","timestamp":1740104126603,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic, molecular diagnostics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) have taken center stage in the detection of infected individuals for isolation purposes but also in the mass surveillance as a preventive strategy to contain the virus spread. While nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) have remained the golden standard substrate, salivary diagnostic for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 has been proposed as an alternative and noninvasive measure in vulnerable individuals. Nevertheless, there is a widespread assumption that salivary reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) does not match the quality of testing using NPS and particular care should be taken in respect to food or beverage intake, when sampling saliva. Our study indicates that without any precaution in the selection of 190 patients, nor restriction over the time window of sampling, there is 99% match in the COVID\u201019 positivity between NPS and saliva when using RT\u2010PCR, with a reported Delta in thermal cycles (Cts) values for the viral genes Envelope (E) and Open reading frame 1ab (Orf1ab) between 0 and 2, a 98.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This high accuracy is maintained in pooling configurations that can be used for mass\u2010testing purposes in professional and educational settings. The further advantage to using crude saliva as compared to NPS or mouthwash is that direct methods yield robust results. Overall, our study validates and promotes the use of salivary diagnostic for COVID\u201019 eliminating the need of a medical practitioner for the sampling, resolving the unpleasantness of the NPS intervention and empowering the patient to do self\u2010testing in times of need.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T05:07:14Z","timestamp":1653541634000},"page":"4277-4286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["COVID salivary diagnostics: A comparative technical study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanh","family":"Nguyen\u2010Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health  Fribourg Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viollier  Baselland Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viollier  Baselland Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Ziliox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viollier  Baselland Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Vallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viollier  Baselland Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Berger\u2010Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross Switzerland  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Von","family":"Overbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Task Force COVID, Canton of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0446-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavinia","family":"Alberi Auber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health  Fribourg Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320953231"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangW XuY GaoR et al.Detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in different types of clinical specimens.JAMA. Published online. March 11 2020.doi:10.1001\/jama.2020.3786","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2016359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00465"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","article-title":"Classifying dementia progression using microbial profiling of saliva","volume":"12","author":"Bathini P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert Service.Radical shift in COVID\u201019 testing needed to reopen schools and businesses researchers say.Science. Published online August 3 2020.doi:10.1126\/science.abe1546","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe1546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MaraisG HsiaoN IranzadehA et al.Saliva swabs are the preferred sample for omicron detection.bioRxiv. Published online December 24 2021.doi:10.1101\/2021.12.22.21268246","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.12.22.21268246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm2010260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RanoaDRE HollandRL AlnajiFG et al.Saliva\u2010based molecular testing for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 that bypasses RNA extraction.bioRxivdoi:10.1101\/2020.06.18.159434","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.18.159434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060846"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0843-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WilliamsE BondK ZhangB PutlandM WilliamsonDA.Saliva as a noninvasive specimen for detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.J Clin Microbiol.2020;58(8) doi:10.1128\/JCM.00776-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00776-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82787-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263033"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.27883","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.27883","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.27883","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T07:24:56Z","timestamp":1692775496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.27883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.27883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27883","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0146-6615"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9071"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}