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However, there were inconsistent findings on the levels of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) levels. Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis were performed to quantify the pooled effects of PIs\/r\u2010based antiretroviral therapy (ART) on serum\/plasma IL\u20106 levels in people living with the HIV (PLHIV). PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from the earliest record to November 4, 2020. Data analysis was conducted on Stata version 16 and Review Manager 5.3. A random\u2010effect model was used to compute a pooled effect size and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered the summary effect size. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated by Cochrane's <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> test (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test) and <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Initial search identified 3098 records and 5 studies (7 trials) met inclusion criteria. The pooled mean difference in serum\/plasma IL\u20106 levels from baseline to follow\u2010up was 0.534\u2009pg\/ml (95% confidence interval: \u22120.012, 1.08, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200976.4%). In subgroup analysis, there was a significant association between increased serum\/plasma IL\u20106 levels and age group\u2009\u2265\u200935 years old, baseline CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> counts\u2009&lt;\u2009350 cell\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, and mean viral load\u2009\u2265\u20094.5 log10 copies\/ml. We found that serum\/plasma IL\u20106 levels increased after combined ART among treatment\u2010na\u00efve individuals who initiated a successful combination of PIs\/r with 2NRTIs. This result also highlights the need to monitor serum\/plasma IL\u20106 levels during antiviral therapy, which may aid in the effective future treatment of systemic inflammation and related disorders following elevated IL\u20106 levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T09:59:45Z","timestamp":1654509585000},"page":"4669-4676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of protease inhibitors\u2010based antiretroviral therapy on serum\/plasma interleukin\u20106 levels among PLHIV: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2282-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akililu Alemu","family":"Ashuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical 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