{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:59:10Z","timestamp":1790521150999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An emerging outbreak of monkeypox infection is quickly spreading worldwide, being currently reported in more than 30 countries, with slightly less than 1000\u00a0cases. In the present preliminary report, we collected and synthesized early data concerning epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing outbreak and we compared them with those of previous outbreaks. Data were pooled from six clusters in Italy, Australia, the Czech Republic, Portugal, and the United Kingdom, totaling 124 cases (for 35 of which it was possible to retrieve detailed information). The ongoing epidemic differs from previous outbreaks in terms of age (54.29% of individuals in their thirties), sex\/gender (most cases being males), risk factors, and transmission route, with sexual transmission being highly likely. Also, the clinical presentation is atypical and unusual, being characterized by anogenital lesions and rashes that relatively spare the face and extremities. The most prevalent sign\/symptom reported was fever (in 54.29% of cases) followed by inguinal lymphadenopathy (45.71%) and exanthema (40.00%). Asthenia, fatigue, and headache were described in 22.86% and 25.71% of the subjects, respectively. Myalgia was present in 17.14% of the cases. Both genital and anal lesions (ulcers and vesicles) were reported in 31.43% of the cases. Finally, cervical lymphadenopathy was described in 11.43% of the sample, while the least commonly reported symptoms were diarrhea and axillary lymphadenopathy (5.71% of the case series for both symptoms). Some preliminary risk factors can be identified (being a young male, having sex with other men, engaging in risky behaviors and activities, including condomless sex, human immunodeficiency virus positivity (54.29% of the sample analyzed), and a story of previous sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis). On the other hand, being fully virally suppressed and undetectable may protect against a more severe infectious course. However, further research in the field is urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T01:35:53Z","timestamp":1655084153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing monkeypox epidemic: A preliminary pooled data analysis and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Nicola L.","family":"Bragazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jude D.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naim","family":"Mahroum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, International School of Medicine Istanbul Medipol University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Tsigalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana  Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rola","family":"Khamisy\u2010Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clalit Health Services  Akko Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Converti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASL2 Napoli, Nord  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7042168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.02.05.00161-en"},{"issue":"49","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Human monkeypox\u2014Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of Congo, February 1996\u2010October 1997","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2502.181222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AntinoriA MazzottaV VitaS et al.Epidemiological clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact Italy May 2022.Euro Surveill.2022;27(22).doi:10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102368"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"00335","article-title":"Transmission of monkeypox virus through sexual contact\u2014a novel route of infection","volume":"0163","author":"Heskin J","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.070175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.38.1800509"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.190076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BragazziNL Khamisy\u2010FarahR TsigalouC MahroumN ConvertiM.Attaching a stigma to the LGBTQI+ community should be avoided during the monkeypox epidemic.J Med Virol. 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