{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:48:02Z","timestamp":1787852882215,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rhinoviruses have persisted throughout the COVID\u201019 pandemic, despite other seasonal respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, human metapneumovirus) being mostly suppressed by pandemic restrictions, such as masking and other forms of social distancing, especially during the national lockdown periods. Rhinoviruses, as nonenveloped viruses, are known to transmit effectively via the airborne and fomite route, which has allowed infection among\u00a0children and adults to continue despite pandemic restrictions. Rhinoviruses are also known to cause and exacerbate acute wheezing episodes in children predisposed to this condition. Noninfectious causes such as air pollutants (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) can also play a role. In this retrospective ecological study, we demonstrate the correlation between UK national sentinel rhinovirus surveillance, the level of airborne particulates, and the changing patterns of pediatric emergency department presentations for acute wheezing, before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic (2018\u20132021) in a large UK teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T04:28:24Z","timestamp":1657513704000},"page":"5547-5552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Rhinovirus persistence during the COVID\u201019 pandemic\u2014Impact on pediatric acute wheezing presentations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Kah Wee","family":"Teo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Sisodia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Leicester City Council Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Roland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Emergency Department, Paediatric Emergency Medicine Leicester Academic (PEMLA) group University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK"},{"name":"SAPPHIRE Group, Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erol A.","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4963-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian W.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester Royal infirmary Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.47.2001847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21157-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26964"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.3.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200306-760OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0843-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32007-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.35.12.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2021.2008429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. UK Air Information Resource [Internet]. 2021. Accessed June 10 2022.https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/data\/exceedance?f_exceedence_id=S6%26f_year_start=2018%26f_year_end=2020%26f_group_id=4%26f_region_reference_id=5%26f_parameter_id=PM25%26f_sub_region_id=235%26f_output=screen%26action=exceedance3%26go=Submit"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Public Health England. Weekly national Influenza and COVID\u201019 surveillance report Week 27 report (up to week 26 data) 08 July 2021. Accessed June 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/1000373\/Weekly_Flu_and_COVID-19_report_w27.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"Public Health England. Surveillance of influenza and other seasonal respiratory viruses in the UK. Winter 2020 to 2021. Accessed June 10 2022.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/995284\/Surveillance_of_influenza_and_other_seasonal_respiratory_viruses_in_the_UK_2020_to_2021-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency. Weekly national Influenza and COVID\u201019 surveillance report Week 7 (up to week 6 data) 17 February 2022. Accessed June 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/1055589\/Weekly_Flu_and_COVID-19_report_w7.pdf\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Institute for Government. Timeline of UK government coronavirus lockdowns and restrictions. Accessed June 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/charts\/uk-government-coronavirus-lockdowns"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.07.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.604089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11200-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30108-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.27986","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.27986","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.27986","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T05:30:06Z","timestamp":1692768606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.27986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.27986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27986","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}