{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T03:30:38Z","timestamp":1775187038589,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunomodulators (tocilizumab\/baricitinib) improve outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019\u00a0(COVID\u201019) patients, but the synergistic effect of remdesivir is unknown. The effect of combination therapy with remdesivir, immunomodulators, and standard treatment in COVID\u201019 patients was investigated. This retrospective, single\u2010center study included COVID\u201019 patients who were treated with tocilizumab or baricitinib. The severity of respiratory status in the two groups on Days 14 and 28 and the duration to respiratory recovery in both groups were compared, and the effect of remdesivir use on respiratory status was examined in a multivariate analysis. Ninety\u2010eight patients received tocilizumab or baricitinib; among them, 72 used remdesivir (remdesivir group) and 26 did not (control group). The remdesivir group achieved faster respiratory recovery than the control group (median 11\u00a0vs. 21\u2009days, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033), faster weaning from supplemental oxygen (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14\u20135.66, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021). Age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and time from onset to oxygen administration were independent prognostic factors. The remdesivir group achieved better severity level at Days 14 and 28 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033 and 0.003, respectively) and greater improvement from baseline severity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047 and 0.018, respectively). Remdesivir combination therapy did not prolong survival (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.04\u20132.16, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.23). Among severely ill COVID\u201019 patients who received immunomodulator, remdesivir contributed to a shorter respiratory recovery time and better respiratory status at Days 14 and 28. Concomitant remdesivir with immunomodulators and standard treatment may provide additional benefit in improving respiratory status of COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T08:41:56Z","timestamp":1659429716000},"page":"5702-5712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Combination therapy with remdesivir and immunomodulators improves respiratory status in COVID\u201019: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University  Sapporo 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