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In this multicenter, prospective cohort study, blood samples from 666 participants were collected before and after 2 doses of inactivated COVID\u201019 vaccination. Among 392 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u2010na\u00efve individuals, the seroconversion rate increased significantly from 51.8% (median antispike protein pan\u2010immunoglobulins [S\u2010Igs] titer: 0.8\u2009U\/ml) after the first dose to 96% (median S\u2010Igs titer: 79.5\u2009U\/ml) after the second dose. Thirty\u2010two percent of na\u00efve individuals had detectable neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the original strain but all of them lost neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. In 274 individuals with natural infection, humoral immunity was significantly improved after a single vaccine dose, with median S\u2010Igs titers of 596.7, 1176, 1086.5, and 1828\u2009U\/ml for asymptomatic infections, mild cases, moderate cases, and severe\/critical cases, respectively. NAb titers also improved significantly. However, the second dose did not substantially increase antibody levels. Although a booster dose is needed for those without infection, our findings indicate that recovered patients should receive only a single dose of the vaccine, regardless of the clinical severity, until there is sufficient evidence to confirm the benefits of a second dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T05:51:17Z","timestamp":1660024277000},"page":"5746-5757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Humoral responses after inactivated COVID\u201019 vaccination in individuals with and without prior SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe M\u00e9rieux Laboratory Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; 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