{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:17:41Z","timestamp":1792167461250,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013543","name":"European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013284","name":"Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association of viral load (VL) with (i) tumor necrosis factor\u2010related apoptosis\u2010inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma\u2010induced protein\u201010, C\u2010reactive protein, and a combinatorial score (BV score), and (ii) clinical severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, multicentre cohort substudy, children with respiratory tract infection or fever without source were enrolled. VL for influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus was measured from nasopharyngeal swabs. The reference standard diagnosis was established based on expert panel adjudication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 1140 recruited patients, 333 had a virus monodetection. VL for the aggregated data set correlated with TRAIL and IP\u201010 levels, with the length of oxygen therapy, and inversely with the BV score. At a single viral level, only the influenza VL yielded a correlation with TRAIL, IP\u201010 levels, and the BV score. Children with a viral reference standard diagnosis had significantly higher VL than those with bacterial infection (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0005). Low TRAIL (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39\u20130.91) and young age (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49\u20130.79) were associated with a longer hospital stay, while young age (IRR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18\u20130.61), low TRAIL (IRR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08\u20130.76), and high VL (IRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.33) were predictive of longer oxygen therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that VL correlates with biomarkers and may serve as a complementary tool pertaining to disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  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