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Recent evidence has indicated that elderly people with dementia are particularly vulnerable to COVID\u201019 and severe disease outcomes. However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we retrieved frontal cortex samples of COVID\u201019 patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus\u00a0database and performed a systematic transcriptomic analysis to compare COVID\u201019 patients and controls with or without dementia. In nondemented patients, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection obviously activated T helper type 2 (Th2) cell\u2010mediated humoral immunity and reduced the pathogenesis of dementia\u2010related Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In demented patients, conversely, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection significantly increased T helper type 1 (Th1) cell\u2010mediated cellular immunity and exacerbated the progression of dementia\u2010related diseases. We further analyzed the molecular characteristics of COVID\u201019 patients with and without dementia. Compared with nondemented COVID\u201019 patients, demented COVID\u201019 patients showed decreased enrichment scores of Calcium signaling pathway, Neuroactive ligand\u2010receptor interaction, ABC transporters, and Peroxisome, and increased enrichment scores of Olfactory transduction and Regulation of autophagy. The ratio of Th1\/Th2 cells was significantly increased from 1.17 in nondemented COVID\u201019 patients to 33.32 in demented COVID\u201019 patients. Taken together, our findings provide transcriptomic evidence that COVID\u201019 has distinct influences on cognitive function and immune response in patients with and without dementia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T01:08:50Z","timestamp":1664327330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Whole\u2010transcriptome sequencing data reveals a disparate cognitive and immune signature in COVID\u201019 patients with and without dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences Guiyang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education &amp; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9204-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education &amp; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojiang","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Coronavirus Disease (COVID\u201019) Pandemic.2022. 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