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Twelve consecutive stool specimens were collected from the patient over a period of 10 months (18 February 2011 to 20 November 2011), and 12 immunodeficiency vaccine\u2010derived poliovirus (iVDPV) strains (CHN15017\u20101 to CHN15017\u201012) were subsequently isolated. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the plaque\u2010purified iVDPVs revealed 2%\u20133.5%\n                    <jats:italic>VP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010region differences from their parental Sabin 3 strain. Full\u2010length genome sequencing showed they were all Sabin 3\/Sabin 1 recombinants, sharing a common 2C\u2010region crossover site, and the two key determinants of attenuation (U472C in the 5\u2032 untranslated region and T2493C in the VP1 region) had reverted. Temperature\u2010sensitive experiments demonstrated that the first two iVDPV strains partially retained the temperature\u2010sensitive phenotype's nature, while the subsequent ten iVDPV strains distinctly lost it, possibly associated with increased neurovirulence. Nineteen amino\u2010acid substitutions were detected between 12 iVDPVs and the parental Sabin strain, of which only one (K1419R) was found on the subsequent 10 iVDPV isolates, suggesting this site's potential as a temperature\u2010sensitive determination site. A Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain phylogenetic analysis based on the\n                    <jats:italic>P1<\/jats:italic>\n                    coding region yielded a mean iVDPV evolutionary rate of 1.02\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    total substitutions\/site\/year, and the initial oral\u2010polio\u2010vaccine dose was presumably administered around June 2009. Our findings provide valuable information regarding the genetic structure, high\u2010temperature growth sensitivity, and antigenic properties of iVDPVs following long\u2010term evolution in a single PID patient, thus augmenting the currently limited knowledge regarding the dynamic changes and evolutionary pathway of iVDPV populations with PID during long\u2010term global replication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T23:47:22Z","timestamp":1665618442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular evolution and antigenic drift of type 3 iVDPVs excreted from a patient with immunodeficiency in Ningxia, China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1887-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory for poliomyelitis, WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS Control and Prevention Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region  Yinchuan People's Republic 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Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region  Yinchuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory for poliomyelitis, WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory for poliomyelitis, WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease 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