{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1772982278162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the continuation of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) variants, the control of the spread of the virus remains urgent. Various animals, including cats, ferrets, hamsters, nonhuman primates, minks, tree shrews, fruit bats, and rabbits, are susceptible to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection naturally or experimentally. Therefore, to avoid animals from becoming mixing vessels of the virus, vaccination of animals should be considered. In the present study, we report the establishment of an efficient and stable system using Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a vector to express SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike protein\/subunit for the rapid generation of vaccines against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in animals. Our data showed that the S and S1 protein was sufficiently expressed in rNDV\u2010S and rNDV\u2010S1\u2010infected cells, respectively. The S protein was incorporated into and displayed on the surface of rNDV\u2010S viral particles. Intramuscular immunization with rNDV\u2010S was found to induce the highest level of binding and neutralizing antibodies, as well as strong S\u2010specific T\u2010cell response in mice. Intranasal immunization with rNDV\u2010S1 provoked a robust T\u2010cell response but barely any detectable antibodies. Overall, the NDV\u2010vectored vaccine candidates were able to induce profound humoral and cellular immunity, which will provide a good system for developing vaccines targeting both T\u2010cell and antibody responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:29:08Z","timestamp":1666139348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 animal vaccines using a stable and efficient NDV expression system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control Henan University of Science and Technology  Henan Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guichang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengfang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peijing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology Guangdong Huawei Testing Co., Ltd. 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