{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:00:18Z","timestamp":1785416418063,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>How frequently autoantibodies against angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) occur in patients infected by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 is understudied and limited to investigations on a small sample size. The presence of these antibodies may contribute to the long\u2010lasting effects of COVID\u201019 observed in some individuals, particularly if IgG\u2010class antibodies would emerge in patients. This study assessed the prevalence of IgG autoantibodies against ACE2 in 1139 patients infected with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and examined their relationship with severity, demographic characteristics, and status of vaccination against influenza. The overall prevalence of anti\u2010ACE IgG antibodies in our cohort was 1.5%. Most of these individuals were men (76.5%) and underwent mild COVID\u201019, but some severe and asymptomatic cases were also observed. Patients with severe infection had twofold higher titers than mild and asymptomatic cases. Age, comorbidities, and influenza vaccination status were not related to antibody prevalence. The prevalence of IgG anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies (against nucleocapsid protein and S2 subunit, but not against receptor\u2010binding domain) was higher in the subset with ACE2 autoantibodies. Further research is required to understand the potential spectrum and duration of effects of IgG autoantibodies against ACE2 in patients after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, particularly concerning long COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:19:16Z","timestamp":1667434756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["IgG autoantibodies against ACE2 in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Hallmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Influenza Research National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2010 National Research Institute in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences  Poznan Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School Poznan University of Medical Sciences  Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Poniedzia\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences  Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Influenza Research National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2010 National Research Institute in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kondratiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Influenza Research National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2010 National Research Institute in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"\u017burawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology Poznan University of Medical Sciences  Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Brydak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Influenza Research National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2010 National Research Institute in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Rzymski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences  Poznan Poland"},{"name":"Integrated Science Association Universal Scientific Education and Research Network  Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00043-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2021.100100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03328-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.158362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2012.00158"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Speculations on idiotypes and homobodies","volume":"124","author":"Lindenmann J","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801364-9.00025-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03988-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2021.0411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2021.1916915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Genomic Epidemiology of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 with Subsampling Focused Globally since Pandemic Start. 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