{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T05:14:20Z","timestamp":1784351660149,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objectives of this work were to assess the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs for viral community\u2010acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the performance of pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB\u201065 severity scores in the viral CAP in adults. A prospective observational cohort study of consecutive 341 hospitalized adults with CAP was performed between January 2018 and March 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, symptoms\/signs, analytical data, severity scores, antimicrobials, and outcomes were recorded. Blood, NP swabs, sputum, and urine samples were collected at admission and assayed by multiplex real time\u2010PCR, bacterial cultures, and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigens detection, to determine the etiologies and quantify the viral load. The etiology was identified in 174 (51.0%) patients, and in 85 (24.9%) it was viral, the most frequent rhinovirus and influenza virus. The sensitivity of viral detection in sputum (50.7%) was higher than in NP swabs (20.9%). Compared with sputum, the positive predictive value and specificity of NP swabs for viral diagnosis were 95.8% and 96.9%, respectively. Performance of PSI and CURB\u201065 scores in all CAP with etiologic diagnosis were as expected, with mortality associated with higher values, but they were not associated with mortality in patients with viral pneumonia. NP swabs have lower sensitivity but high specificity for the diagnosis of viral CAP in adults compared with sputum, reinforcing the use NP swabs for the diagnostic etiology work\u2010up. The PSI and CURB\u201065 scores did not predict mortality in the viral CAP, suggesting that they need to be updated scores based on the identification of the etiological agent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T20:40:56Z","timestamp":1668717656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prepandemic viral community\u2010acquired pneumonia: Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of nasopharyngeal swabs and performance of clinical severity scores"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Berastegui\u2010Cabrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Aguilar\u2010Guisado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Crespo\u2010Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macarena","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Verdugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Escoresca\u2010Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Unit Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Calero\u2010Acu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Respiratory Diseases Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Carrasco\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Respiratory Diseases Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier Ignacio","family":"Toral\u2010Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Service Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Abad\u2010Arranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Respiratory Diseases Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Ram\u00edrez\u2010Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bosco","family":"Bar\u00f3n\u2010Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Pach\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"\u00c1lvarez\u2010Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2707-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010C\u00e9spedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01248-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00259-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2018-000712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02243-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8715756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00886-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2013.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.067108-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2009.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01523-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1074030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2013.11.2710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00137-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0076-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05519-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2015.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201112-2240OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01516-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3366-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107663"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"1275","article-title":"[Yield of two mortality predictors in immunocompetent patients with community acquired pneumonia]","volume":"149","author":"Munoz P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18297\/jri\/vol3\/iss1\/3"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Assessment of the usefulness of sputum Gram stain and culture for diagnosis of community\u2010acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization","volume":"14","author":"Miyashita N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318151"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.28317","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.28317","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.28317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:49:59Z","timestamp":1772959799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.28317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.28317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28317","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e28317"}}