{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T18:06:40Z","timestamp":1780682800989,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children remain a cause of disease burden worldwide. Nasopharyngeal (NP) &amp; oropharyngeal (OP) swabs are used for respiratory pathogen detection, but hold disadvantages particularly for children, highlighting the importance and preference for a child friendly detection method. We aimed to evaluate the performance and tolerability of a rhinorrhea swab (RS) in detecting viral pathogens when compared to a combined OP(\/NP) or mid\u2010turbinate (MT) nasal swab.\u00a0This study was conducted between September 2021 and July 2022 in the Netherlands. Children aged 0\u22125 years, with an upper RTI and nasal discharge, were included and received a combined swab and a RS. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 PCR were used for viral pathogen detection. Tolerability was evaluated with a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) scores.\u00a0During 11 months 88 children were included, with a median age of 1.00 year [interquartile range 0.00\u22123.00]. In total 122 viral pathogens were detected in 81 children (92%). Sensitivity and specificity of the RS compared to a combined swab were respectively 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91%\u2212100%) and 78% (95% CI 45%\u221294%). Rhinorrhea samples detected more pathogens than the (combined) nasal samples, 112 versus 108 respectively. Median VAS scores were significantly lower for the RS in both children (2 vs. 6) and their parents (0 vs. 5).\u00a0A RS can therefore just as effectively\/reliably detect viral pathogens as the combined swab in young children and is better tolerated by both children and their parents\/caregivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T08:47:47Z","timestamp":1671612467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High detection rate of viral pathogens in nasal discharge in children aged 0 till 5 years"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Elandri","family":"Fourie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis Hoofddorp The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara E. E.","family":"Sijm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis Hoofddorp The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Badoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland Haarlem The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke E.","family":"M\u00e9relle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Spaarne Gasthuis  Hoofddorp The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mildred E.","family":"Haverkort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Services Kennemerland Haarlem The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd M.","family":"Euser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland Haarlem The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies A.","family":"van Houten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis Hoofddorp The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Spaarne Gasthuis  Hoofddorp The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"1174","article-title":"I have a cold\u2010what do i need to know?","volume":"178","author":"Incze M","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25674"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02478"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeeRA HerigonJC BenedettiA PollockNR DenkingerCM. 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