{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:19:28Z","timestamp":1793305168351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus Disease 2019\u00a0(COVID\u201019) has been ranked among the most fatal infectious diseases worldwide, with host's immune response significantly affecting the prognosis. With an aim to timely predict the most likely outcome of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, we investigated the association of <jats:italic>IFNL3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms, as well as other potentially relevant factors, with the COVID\u201019 mortality. This prospective observational case\u2010control study involved 178 COVID\u201019 patients, hospitalized at Corona Center or Clinic for Infectious Diseases of University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Serbia, followed up until hospital discharge or in\u2010hospital death. Demographic and clinical data on all participants were retrieved from the electronic medical records, and TaqMan assays were employed in genotyping for <jats:italic>IFNL3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs12980275, rs8099917, rs12979860, and rs368234815. 21.9% and 65.0% of hospitalized and critically ill COVID\u201019 patients, respectively, died in\u2010hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed increased Charlson Comorbidity Index\u00a0(CCI), N\/L, and lactate dehydrogenase\u00a0(LDH) level to be associated with an increased likelihood of a lethal outcome. Similarly, females and the carriers of at least one variant allele of <jats:italic>IFNL<\/jats:italic>3 rs8099917 were almost 36\u2010fold more likely not to survive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. On the other hand, the presence of at least one ancestral allele of <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> rs368234815 decreased more than 15\u2010fold the likelihood of mortality from COVID\u201019.\u00a0Our results suggest that, in addition to LDH level, N\/L ratio, and CCI, <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> rs368234815 and <jats:italic>IFNL3<\/jats:italic> rs8099917 polymorphisms, but also patients' gender, significantly affect the outcome of COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T12:26:17Z","timestamp":1674131177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>IFNL3\/4<\/i> polymorphisms as a two\u2010edged sword: An association with COVID\u201019 outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sanja","family":"Matic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of 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