{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:29:46Z","timestamp":1779294586120,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) manifests diverse clinical pathologies involving multiple organs. While the respiratory tract is the primary SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 target, acute kidney injury is common in COVID\u201019 patients, displaying as acute tubular necrosis (ATN) resulting from focal epithelial necrosis and eosinophilia, glomerulosclerosis, and autolysis of renal tubular cells. However, whether any renal cells are infected by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and the mechanism involved in the COVID\u201019 kidney pathology remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kidney tissues obtained at autopsy from four severe COVID\u201019 patients and one healthy subject were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay was performed to detect SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike protein S1 and nonstructural protein 8 (NSP8) together with markers of different kidney cell types and immune cells to identify the infected cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Renal parenchyma showed tissue injury comprised of ATN and glomerulosclerosis. Positive staining of S1 protein was observed in renal parenchymal and tubular epithelial cells. Evidence of viral infection was also observed in innate monocytes\/macrophages and NK cells. Positive staining of NSP8, which is essential for viral RNA synthesis and replication, was confirmed in renal parenchymal cells, indicating the presence of active viral replication in the kidney.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In fatal COVID\u201019 kidneys, there are SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, minimally infiltrated innate immune cells, and evidence of viral replication, which could contribute to tissue damage in the form of ATN and glomerulosclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T10:56:04Z","timestamp":1675940164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection of kidney tissues from severe COVID\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Shawn","family":"Radovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto E.","family":"Paniz Mondolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell\u2010Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. 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