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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur during the attenuation of parental strains are critical indicators of vaccine safety. To assess the attenuation of commercial VZV vaccines, genetic variants were comprehensively examined through high\u2010throughput sequencing of viral DNA isolated from four VZV vaccines (Barycela, VarilRix, VariVax, and SKY Varicella). Whole\u2010genome comparison of the four vaccines with the wild\u2010type strain (Dumas) revealed that the sequences are highly conserved on a genome\u2010wide scale. Among the 196 common variants across the four vaccines, 195 were already present in the genome of the parental strain (pOka), indicating that the variants occurred during the generation of the parental strain from the Dumas strain. Compared to the pOka genome, the vaccines exhibited distinct variant frequencies on a genome\u2010wide and within an attenuation\u2010related open reading frame. In particular, attenuation\u2010associated 42 SNPs showed that Barycela, VarilRix, VariVax, and SKY Varicella are in ascending order regarding similarity with pOka\u2010like genotypes, which in turn, might provide genomic evidence for the levels of attenuation. Finally, the phylogenetic network analysis demonstrated that genetic distances from the parental strain correlated with the attenuation levels of the vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T18:27:43Z","timestamp":1676744863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessment of attenuation of varicella\u2010zoster virus vaccines based on genomic comparison"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jae Yun","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jina","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaewoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of R&amp;D Corporate Development GC Biopharma Yongin South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4991-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daechan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Ajou University Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818821498"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7230-7_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28329-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02281-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.22.11447-11459.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00031-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00245-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90144-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Production and quality control of the Oka\u2010strain live varicella vaccine","volume":"61","author":"D'hondt E","year":"1985","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Marker test for attenuation of varicella\u2010zoster viruses isolated in Korea. 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