{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:34:52Z","timestamp":1770813292996,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006578","name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006578","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Influenza infection in children causes a tremendous global burden. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical predictors of severe influenza among children. We retrospectively included hospitalized children who had laboratory\u2010confirmed influenza infection and were admitted to a medical center in Taiwan between 2010 and 2018. Severe influenza infection was defined as needing intensive care. We compared demographics, comorbidities, vaccine status and outcomes between patients with severe and nonsevere infection. There were 1030 children hospitalized for influenza infection: 162 patients needed intensive care and 868 patients did not. Multivariable analysis revealed that an age below 2 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22\u20134.95), underlying cardiovascular disease (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.04\u20133.25), neuropsychological (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 2.59\u20136.45) or respiratory disease (aOR 3.87, 95% CI 1.42\u201310.60), patchy infiltrates (aOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.29\u20134.93), pleural effusion (aOR 6.56, 95% CI 1.66\u201325.91), and invasive bacterial coinfection (aOR 21.89, 95% CI 2.19\u2013218.77) were significant clinical predictors of severe disease, whereas severe infection was less likely in individuals who had received influenza and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28\u20130.91; aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23\u20130.51, respectively). The most significant risk factors associated with severe influenza infection were an age under 2 years, comorbidities (cardiovascular, neuropsychological, and respiratory diseases), patchy infiltrates or effusion shown on chest X\u2010rays, and bacterial coinfections. The incidence rate of severe disease was significantly lower in those who had received influenza vaccines and PCVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T06:34:01Z","timestamp":1678170841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The clinical predictors of and vaccine protection against severe influenza infection in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Chu\u2010Fei","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3433-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun\u2010Chung","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tu\u2010Hsuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"En\u2010Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2632-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luan\u2010Yin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70121-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17806-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0774"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318260c7f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318280a34b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.05.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001273420402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.110445"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02344-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control.Influenza express. 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