{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:44:59Z","timestamp":1776851099319,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Myocarditis as cardiac involvement in coronavirus disease 2019\u00a0(COVID\u201019)\u2010infection is well known. Real\u2010world data about incidence in hospitalized COVID\u201019\u2010patients and risk factors for myocarditis in COVID\u201019\u2010patients are sparse.\u00a0We used the German nationwide inpatient sample to analyze all hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID\u201019\u2010diagnosis in Germany in 2020 and stratified them for myocarditis.\u00a0Overall, 176\u2009137 hospitalizations (52.3% males, 53.6% aged \u226570 years) with confirmed COVID\u201019\u2010infection were coded in Germany in 2020 and among them, 226 (0.01%) had myocarditis (incidence: 1.28 per 1000 hospitalization\u2010cases). Absolute numbers of myocarditis increased, while relative numbers decreased with age. COVID\u201019\u2010patients with myocarditis were younger (64.0 [IQR: 43.0\/78.0] vs. 71.0 [56.0\/82.0], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In\u2010hospital case\u2010fatality was 1.3\u2010fold higher in COVID\u201019\u2010patients with than without myocarditis (24.3% vs. 18.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). Myocarditis was independently associated with increased case\u2010fatality (OR: 1.89 [95%\u00a0CI: 1.33\u22122.67], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Independent risk factors for myocarditis were age &lt;70 years (OR: 2.36 [95%\u00a0CI: 1.72\u22123.24], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), male sex (1.68 [95%\u00a0CI: 1.28\u22122.23], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), pneumonia (OR: 1.77 [95%\u00a0CI: 1.30\u22122.42], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and multisystemic inflammatory COVID\u201019\u2010infection (OR: 10.73 [95%\u00a0CI: 5.39\u221221.39], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\u00a0The incidence of myocarditis in hospitalized COVID\u201019\u2010patients in Germany was 1.28 cases per 1000 hospitalizations in 2020. Risk factors for myocarditis in COVID\u201019 were young age, male sex, pneumonia, and multisystemic inflammatory COVID\u201019\u2010infection. Myocarditis was independently associated with increased case\u2010fatality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T12:56:30Z","timestamp":1678366590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Incidence and risk factors of myocarditis in hospitalized patients with COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic VII University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Sagoschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Konstantinides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine Main Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine Main Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Hobohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.907012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30314-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.876028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2009575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2114478"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2009249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7114e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7035e5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.937"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00662-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Myocarditis mortality with and without COVID\u201019: insights from a national registry","author":"Bemtgen X","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin\u00a0Res\u00a0Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.0583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.951314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500893"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02226-1"},{"issue":"1113793","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predisposing factors for admission to intensive care units of patients with COVID\u201019 infection\u2014results of the German nationwide inpatient sample","volume":"11","author":"Keller K","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.24110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00085-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31401-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07823-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01630-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of COVID\u201019\u2010related hospital use and overall COVID\u201019 mortality in the USA","author":"Karaca\u2010Mandic P","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.34266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1334-1925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","article-title":"Infectious diseases society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID\u201019","author":"Bhimraj A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","article-title":"Infectious diseases society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID\u201019","author":"Bhimraj A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00676-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2022.101481"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00619-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.08.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2022.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01887-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir861"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.10.1295"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.28646","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.28646","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.28646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T20:27:32Z","timestamp":1692649652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.28646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.28646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28646","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e28646"}}