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Moreover, their use is affected by toxic side\u2010effects (brincidofovir, cidofovir), limited availability (tecovirimat), and potentially by resistance formation. Hence, additional, readily available drugs are needed. Here, therapeutic concentrations of nitroxoline, a hydroxyquinoline antibiotic with a favourable safety profile in humans, inhibited the replication of 12 mpox virus isolates from the current outbreak in primary cultures of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and a skin explant model by interference with host cell signalling. Tecovirimat, but not nitroxoline, treatment resulted in rapid resistance development. Nitroxoline remained effective against the tecovirimat\u2010resistant strain and increased the anti\u2010mpox virus activity of tecovirimat and brincidofovir. Moreover, nitroxoline inhibited bacterial and viral pathogens that are often co\u2010transmitted with mpox. In conclusion, nitroxoline is a repurposing candidate for the treatment of mpox due to both antiviral and antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T08:14:06Z","timestamp":1678436046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Repurposing of the antibiotic nitroxoline for the treatment of mpox"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Denisa","family":"Bojkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Z\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main 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