{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:31:18Z","timestamp":1783128678672,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent findings in permanent cell lines suggested that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron BA.1 induces a stronger interferon response than Delta. Here, we show that BA.1 and BA.5 but not Delta induce an antiviral state in air\u2010liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells and primary human monocytes. Both Omicron subvariants caused the production of biologically active types I (\u03b1\/\u03b2) and III (\u03bb) interferons and protected cells from super\u2010infection with influenza A viruses. Notably, abortive Omicron infection of monocytes was sufficient to protect monocytes from influenza A virus infection. Interestingly, while influenza\u2010like illnesses surged during the Delta wave in England, their spread rapidly declined upon the emergence of Omicron. Mechanistically, Omicron\u2010induced interferon signaling was mediated via double\u2010stranded RNA recognition by MDA5, as MDA5 knockout prevented it. The JAK\/STAT inhibitor baricitinib inhibited the Omicron\u2010mediated antiviral response, suggesting it is caused by MDA5\u2010mediated interferon production, which activates interferon receptors that then trigger JAK\/STAT signaling. In conclusion, our study (1) demonstrates that only Omicron but not Delta induces a substantial interferon response in physiologically relevant models, (2) shows that Omicron infection protects cells from influenza A virus super\u2010infection, and (3) indicates that BA.1 and BA.5 induce comparable antiviral states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T10:31:52Z","timestamp":1679308312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Omicron\u2010induced interferon signaling prevents influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Denisa","family":"Bojkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main 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