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However, the circulation of VACV in urban environments and its associated burden has been poorly explored. Moreover, the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak has raised questions regarding the immune status of the worldwide population previous vaccinated against smallpox. Hence, we conducted a cross\u2010sectional study to better understand the prevalence of anti\u2010OPV neutralizing antibodies (NA) and related exposure factors in a susceptible urban population of Brazil. A total of 372 individuals were sampled, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 16.9% (CI95%\u2009=\u200913.4\u201321.1), and antibodies titers ranging from 100 to 800 neutralizing units\/mL. The prevalence of NA among individuals potentially vaccinated against smallpox (\u226536 years old [yo]) was 24.9% (IC 95%\u2009=\u200919.5\u201331.2), and among those unvaccinated (&lt;36yo) was 6.7% (IC 95%\u2009=\u20093.7\u201311.8). Interestingly, contact with horses was pointed out as an exposure factor for the presence of NA, however, the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age \u226536yo and the presence of vaccine take were independently associated with the presence of anti\u2010OPV NA. Our findings suggest that vulnerable populations could be subclinically exposed to VACV in urban areas, drawing attention to alternative routes of zoonotic VACV exposure. Our data is also important for better strategies to mitigate zoonotic OPV infections mainly among vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T13:24:40Z","timestamp":1686749080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Low prevalence of anti\u2010Orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies in an urban population of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaqueline Silva","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"ECOVIR\u2014Research Group on the Ecology of Emerging Viruses\u2014UFMG\/CNPq Belo 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