{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:57:19Z","timestamp":1753869439582,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Omicron generally causes milder disease than previous strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), especially in fully vaccinated individuals. However, incompletely vaccinated children may develop Omicron\u2010related complications such as those affecting the central nervous system. To characterize the spectrum of clinical manifestations of neuro\u2010COVID and to identify potential biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes, we recruited 15 children hospitalized for Omicron\u2010related neurological manifestations in three hospitals in Hong Kong (9 boys and 6 girls aged 1\u201313 years). All were unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. Fourteen (93.3%) were admitted for convulsion, including benign febrile seizure (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097), complex febrile seizure (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), seizure with fever (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), and recurrent breakthrough seizure (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), and the remaining nonconvulsive patient developed encephalopathic state with impaired consciousness. None of the seven children with benign febrile seizure and six of eight children with other neurological manifestations had residual deficits at 9\u2010month follow\u2010up. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 RNA was undetectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of seven patients who underwent lumbar puncture. Spike\u2010and\u2010wave\/sharp waves affecting the frontal lobes were detected in four of seven (57.1%) patients who underwent electroencephalogram. Children with Omicron\u2010related neurological manifestations had significantly higher blood levels of IL\u20106 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and CHI3L1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022) than healthy controls, and higher CSF levels of IL\u20106 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) than children with non\u2010COVID\u201019\u2010related febrile illnesses. Higher CSF\u2010to\u2010blood ratios of IL\u20108 and CHI3L1 were associated with longer length of stay, whereas higher ratios of IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 were associated with higher blood tau level. The role of CSF:blood ratio of IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and CHI3L1 as prognostic markers for neuro\u2013COVID should be further evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T11:39:42Z","timestamp":1688557182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical characteristics of unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children with neurological manifestations due to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Winnie Wan\u2010Yee","family":"Tso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain &amp; Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong Kong  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