{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:57:25Z","timestamp":1753869445926,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monitoring variations in the virus genome to understand the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 evolution and spread of the virus is extremely important. Seven early SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 isolates in China were cultured in vitro and were analyzed for their viral infectivity through viral growth assay, tissue culture infectious dose\u00a0(TCID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) assay, spike protein quantification, and next generation sequencing\u00a0analysis, and the resultant mutations in spike protein were used to generate the corresponding pseudoviruses for analysis of immune escape from vaccination and postinfection immunity. The results revealed that <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cultured SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virus had much higher mutation frequency (up to ~20 times) than that in infected patients, suggesting that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 diversify under favorable conditions. Monitoring viral mutations is not only helpful for better understanding of virus evolution and virulence change, but also the key to prevent virus transmission and disease progression. Compared with the D614G reference strain, a pseudovirus strain of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 was constructed with a high mutation rate site on the spike protein. We found some novel spike mutations during <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture, such as E868Q, conferred further immune escape ability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T06:35:32Z","timestamp":1689316532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are the original SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 novel mutants from in vitro culture able to escape the immune response?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0463-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC and Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Hefei China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Hefei China"},{"name":"Public Health Research Institute of 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