{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:38:10Z","timestamp":1772728690836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increasing trend of sapovirus (SaV) infections in Japanese children during 2009\u22122019, particularly after the introduction of the voluntary rotavirus (RV)\u2010vaccination program has been observed. Herein, we investigated the epidemiological situation of SaV infections from 2019 to 2022 when people adopted a precautionary lifestyle due to the emergence of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, and RV vaccines had been implemented as routine vaccines. Stool samples were collected from children who attended outpatient clinics with acute gastroenteritis and analyzed by reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction to determine viral etiology. Among 961 stool samples, 80 (8.3%) were positive for SaV: 2019\u22122020 (6.5%), 2020\u22122021 (0%), and 2021\u22122022 (12.8%). The trend of SaV infection in Japanese children yet remained upward with statistical significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.000). The major genotype was GI.1 (75%) which caused a large outbreak in Kyoto between December 2021 and February 2022. Phylogenetic, gene sequence and deduced amino acid sequence analyses suggested that these GI.1 strains detected in the outbreak and other places during 2021\u22122022 or 2019\u22122020 remained genetically identical and widely spread. This study reveals that SaV infection is increasing among Japanese children which is a grave concern and demands immediate attention to be paid before SaV attains a serious public health problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T14:58:55Z","timestamp":1691333935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sapovirus infections in Japan before and after the emergence of the COVID\u201019 pandemic: An alarming update"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sheikh Ariful","family":"Hoque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Cell and Tissue Culture Research, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS) University of Dhaka Dhaka 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