{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T05:08:15Z","timestamp":1773551295800,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005283","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03041300\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03041300\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several biomarkers have been evaluated as predictors of severity or in directing the treatment of COVID\u201019, however there are no conclusive results. In this study, we evaluated serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, and cell growth factors in association with the pathobiology of mild to moderate SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Serum levels of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infected patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009113) and flu symptoms individuals negative for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200958), tested by the RT\u2010qPCR test\u2014nasal swab were compared to healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200953). Results showed that the proinflammatory cytokines IL\u20101\u03b2, MCP\u20103, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and G\u2010CSF were increased in symptomatic patients and the cytokines IL\u20106 and IL\u201010 were associated with patients positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 when compared to healthy controls. Symptoms associated with COVID\u201019 were fever, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia. For patients without SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, their major symptom was sore throat. The pathobiology of mild to moderate SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection was associated with increasing proinflammatory cytokines and a pleiotropic IL\u20106 and anti\u2010inflammatory IL\u201010 cytokines compared to healthy controls. Thus, knowledge about the pathophysiology and the involvement of biomarkers in the mild to moderate profile of the disease should be evaluated. Monitoring these biomarkers in patients with mild to moderate disease can help establish adequate treatment and prevention strategies for long\u2010term COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T09:39:49Z","timestamp":1692697189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cytokines, chemokines, and cells growth factors in patients with mild to moderate SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7082-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafhaella N. D. G.","family":"Gondim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INCT\u2010Biomedicine in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (INCT\u2010Biomedicine), Biomedicine Nucleus (NUBIMED), Faculty of Medicine UFC Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erico Ant\u00f4nio Gomes","family":"de Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department of Ceara (SESA) S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Hospital for Infectious Diseases (HSJ) Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto da Justa Pires","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department of Ceara (SESA) S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Hospital for Infectious Diseases (HSJ) Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa Soares","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department of Ceara (SESA) S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Hospital for Infectious Diseases (HSJ) Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9619-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Quirino\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INCT\u2010Biomedicine in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (INCT\u2010Biomedicine), Biomedicine Nucleus (NUBIMED), Faculty of Medicine UFC Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco A.","family":"Clementino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INCT\u2010Biomedicine in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (INCT\u2010Biomedicine), Biomedicine Nucleus (NUBIMED), Faculty of Medicine UFC Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyvia Maria Vasconcelos Carneiro","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INCT\u2010Biomedicine in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (INCT\u2010Biomedicine), Biomedicine Nucleus (NUBIMED), Faculty of Medicine UFC Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karene Ferreira","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health Surveillance (SVS) and Central Public Health Laboratories (LACEN) Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia Angelica Feitosa","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health Surveillance (SVS) and Central Public Health Laboratories (LACEN) Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liana Perdig\u00e3o","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health Surveillance (SVS) and Central Public Health Laboratories (LACEN) Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana M. B.","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cear\u00e1 Hematology and Hemotherapy Center (HEMOCE) Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Havt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INCT\u2010Biomedicine in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (INCT\u2010Biomedicine), Biomedicine Nucleus (NUBIMED), Faculty of Medicine UFC Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo A. M.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INCT\u2010Biomedicine in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (INCT\u2010Biomedicine), Biomedicine Nucleus (NUBIMED), Faculty of Medicine UFC Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00275-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2003.02391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ArrudaEAG Pires\u2010NetoRJ MedeirosMS et al. Clinical pathobiology efficacy and toxicity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for mild to moderate SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections. MedRxiv; 2021.doi:10.1101\/2021.09.28.21264242","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.09.28.21264242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"CDC\u2010006\u201000019 Revision: 03.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/134922\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"OAHP Ontario Agency For Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). Respiratory pathogen bulletin. Queen's Printer for Ontario. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92941-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe3024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-061813-012806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11772719221106600"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T02:26:57Z","timestamp":1702434417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.29044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.29044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.29044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e29044"}}