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We previously showed that neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses to RV\u2010C are detected twofold to threefold more often than those to RV\u2010A throughout childhood. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that RV\u2010C infections are more likely to induce either cross\u2010neutralizing or longer\u2010lasting antibody responses compared with RV\u2010A infections. We pooled RV diagnostic data from multiple studies of children with respiratory illnesses and compared the expected versus observed frequencies of sequential infections with RV\u2010A or RV\u2010C types using log\u2010linear regression models. We tested longitudinally collected plasma samples from children to compare the duration of RV\u2010A versus RV\u2010C nAb responses. Our models identified limited reciprocal cross\u2010neutralizing relationships for RV\u2010A (A12\u2013A75, A12\u2013A78, A20\u2013A78, and A75\u2013A78) and only one for RV\u2010C (C2\u2013C40). Serologic analysis using reference mouse sera and banked human plasma samples confirmed that C40 infections induced nAb responses with modest heterotypic activity against RV\u2010C2. Mixed\u2010effects regression modeling of longitudinal human plasma samples collected from ages 2 to 18 years demonstrated that RV\u2010A and RV\u2010C illnesses induced nAb responses of similar duration. These results indicate that both RV\u2010A and RV\u2010C nAb responses have only modest cross\u2010reactivity that is limited to genetically similar types. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, RV\u2010C species may include even fewer cross\u2010neutralizing types than RV\u2010A, whereas the duration of nAb responses during childhood is similar between the two species. The modest heterotypic responses suggest that RV vaccines must have a broad representation of prevalent types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T09:49:18Z","timestamp":1693216158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Rhinoviruses A and C elicit long\u2010lasting antibody responses with limited cross\u2010neutralization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2618-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury A.","family":"Bochkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Devries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin 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