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In this study, 58 women receiving three doses of the 9vHPV vaccine within a Gardasil9 (9vHPV) Phase III randomized controlled trial were included. Participants provided paired first\u2010void urine and blood samples before vaccination (M0), 1 month after the third dose (M7), and ~3 years after the third dose (M43). Type\u2010specific antibody responses to the 9vHPV types were analyzed in 174 first\u2010void urine and 172 serum samples using a virus\u2010like particle\u2010based IgG multiplex enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, total human IgG concentrations were determined using the BioPlex assay. At M7, 1 month after complete 9vHPV vaccination, 95%\u2013100% of first\u2010void urine and 100% of serum samples had detectable concentrations, varying by HPV type. At M43, 84%\u2013100% of first\u2010void urine and 98%\u2013100% of serum samples had HPV\u2010specific antibody concentrations. Results show significant Spearman rank correlations between type\u2010specific HPV\u2010antibody concentrations for paired first\u2010void urine and serum at all time points. This study confirms the potential feasibility of utilizing first\u2010void urine as a noninvasive immunological sample within HPV vaccine trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T01:06:47Z","timestamp":1697072807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Follow\u2010up of humoral immune response after HPV vaccination using first\u2010void urine: A longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7484-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"T\u00e9blick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jade","family":"Pattyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Severien","family":"Van Keer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemie","family":"De Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"De Coster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiebren A. 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