{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:19:28Z","timestamp":1793305168345,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the pivotal role of IFN\u2010\u03bbs in the innate immune response, the data on its genetic polymorphism in relation to COVID\u201019 severity are scarce and contradictory. In the present study, we aimed to determine if the presence of the most frequent functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)\u00a0of the two most important IFN\u2010\u03bbs coding genes, namely <jats:italic>IFNL3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic>, alters the likelihood of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010infected patients to develop more severe form of the disease.\u00a0This observational cohort study involved 178 COVID\u201019 patients hospitalized at the University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Serbia. Patients' demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters were collected at admission. COVID\u201019 signs and symptoms were assessed during the hospital stay, with the worst condition determining the disease severity. Genotyping for <jats:italic>IFNL3<\/jats:italic> (rs12980275 and rs8099917) and <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> (rs12979860 and rs368234815) SNPs was conducted using TaqMan assays.\u00a0Our study revealed carriers of <jats:italic>IFNL3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> minor alleles to be less likely to progress from mild to moderate COVID\u201019, that is, to develop COVID\u201019\u2010related pneumonia. After adjustment for other factors of influence, such as age, sex, and comorbidities, the likelihood of pneumonia development remained significantly associated with <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> polymorphism (odds ratios [ORs] [95% confidence interval\u00a0(95% CI)]: 0.233 [0.071; 0.761]). When the patients were stratified according to sex, the protective role of <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> minor alleles, controlled for the effect of comorbidities, remained significant only in females (OR [95% CI]: 0.035 [0.003; 0.408]).\u00a0Our results strongly suggest that <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> rs12979860 and rs368234815 polymorphisms independently predict the risk of COVID\u201019\u2010related pneumonia development in females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T01:11:14Z","timestamp":1697073074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Its all about IFN\u2010\u03bb4: Protective role of IFNL4 polymorphism against COVID\u201019\u2010related pneumonia in females"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sanja","family":"Matic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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