{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:22:07Z","timestamp":1792272127017,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the spring of 2023, three Ukrainian war refugees from a municipal community shelter and a volunteer caregiver at an affiliated daycare center in Kiel, Germany, were diagnosed with infectious jaundice attributable to a single hepatitis A virus (HAV) subgenotype IA strain. Similar HAV sequences have been observed in Germany and other European countries for several years. One refugee and the volunteer required hospitalization. Four children were asymptomatically infected but excreted high levels of HAV ribonucleic acid in the stool. The infections were probably acquired in Germany, but a source could not be determined. The outbreak was contained through vaccination, increased hygiene, and education. The existing HAV vaccination recommendation for refugee shelter staff and volunteers should be consistently implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T12:30:25Z","timestamp":1698928225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hepatitis A outbreak in a refugee shelter in Kiel, northern Germany"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Krumbholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Infection Medicine Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig\u2010Holstein Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Marcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department of the State Capital Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malte","family":"Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department of the State Capital Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Schemmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Consultant Laboratory for HAV and HEV Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen J.","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Consultant Laboratory for HAV and HEV Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00889-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34927-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1819742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.8.30468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.33.1700641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7139a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03478-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.63-79.2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus infections and outbreaks in asylum seekers arriving to Germany, September 2015 to March 2016","volume":"6","author":"Michaelis K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.27.1800329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.50.20992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2531-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.37.1900670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Empfehlungen der St\u00e4ndigen Impfkommission beim Robert Koch\u2010Institut 2023","volume":"4","author":"St\u00e4ndige Impfkommission","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1264798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02660-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0043-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T09:42:23Z","timestamp":1705138943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.29185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.29185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.29185","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e29185"}}