{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:42:20Z","timestamp":1791308540861,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify the characteristics in immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS\u2010Cov\u20102 vaccines among HIV\u2010infected individuals, a longitudinal cohort study was performed on HIV\u2010infected and HIV\u2010uninfected participants with no history of COVID\u201019 infection and COVID\u201019 vaccine inoculation. Participants information and adverse events were collected. Blood samples were collected on the same day before vaccination, 21 days after the first shot, 28 days after the second shot, 6 months after the second vaccination and 14 days after the third dose to test anti\u2010receptor\u2010binding domain\u00a0IgG antibody, viral load, CD4+, CD8+\u2009T cell count. Our result showed that although HIV\u2010infected adults with low nadir CD4+\u2009T cell count\u2009\u2264\u2009350 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> generate significantly lower immune response after three shots of vaccine compared with HIV\u2010negative controls, 100% of all the HIV\u2010infected and healthy controls were seroconverted after the third shot. Seroconversion ratio and antibody level of 190 days after two shots of vaccination for HIV\u2010infected with nadir CD4+\u2009T cell count\u2009\u2264\u2009350 were significantly lower than that of healthy controls. No significant difference was found in viral load among blood samples collected at each time points. CD4 and CD4\/CD8 ratio value were found increased greatly after each shot of inoculation in HIV\u2010infected individuals with nadir CD4+\u2009T cell count\u2009\u2264\u2009350. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among HIV\u2010infected individuals, PLWH with CD4+\u2009T cell count \u2264 350 were less likely experience seroconversion 21 days after the first shot, and less likely maintained antibody immunity 6 months post 2nd dose. Adverse events after each inoculation were not serious and recovered within 1 week. In conclusion, inactivated COVID\u201019 vaccine was safe and effective in people living with HIV after three shots of vaccination. HIV\u2010infected individuals with low nadir CD4+\u2009T cell count\u2009\u2264\u2009350 was associated with a nonoptimal antibody response. Further vaccination strategies could be developed for those with low CD4+\u2009T cell counts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T08:48:40Z","timestamp":1703321320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccines in people living with HIV: A longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8294-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office for Scientific Research and Teaching Management Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruolei","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for HIV\/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Hepingli Middle Rd Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00448-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00103-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30843-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.8565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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