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Based on UK Biobank data, exposed group was identified as individuals who had chronic virus infection\u2010related hospitalization (IRH). Unexposed group was randomly selected, matched by 5\u2010year age interval, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index at a ratio up to 1:10. Restricted cubic splines were used to model time\u2010varying effects of IRH in nonproportional Cox models. A cut\u2010off value of 5 years was recorded and used in piecewise Cox proportional hazards models as we estimated short\u2010 and long\u2010term effects of IRH on CVD. A total of 2826 exposed participants and 28\u2009212 matched unexposed participants were included. Chronic viral IRH was associated with increased risk of CVD (0\u20135 years: hazard ratio, 1.57 [95% confidence interval: 1.32, 1.87] and 5+ years: 1.31 [1.06, 1.61]). Elevated risk of stroke was only observed within the initial 5\u2010year follow\u2010up (0\u20135 years: 1.91 [1.30, 2.81]). The short\u2010 and long\u2010term associations were observed in herpes or hepatitis virus IRH with risk of CVD (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Subgroup analysis revealed long\u2010term association between chronic viral IRH and CVD among female (5+ years: 1.68 [1.27, 2.22]) but not among male. The association between chronic viral infection and elevated CVD risk appeared to be stronger among individuals who did not take cholesterol\u2010lowering medication, antithrombotic medication, or certain antihypertensive medications (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The risk of CVD event remained persistently higher within and over 5 years following chronic viral IRH, especially in individuals infected with herpes and hepatitis virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T11:35:52Z","timestamp":1704454552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between chronic viral infection\u2010related hospitalization and risk of cardiovascular disease: A\u00a0population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4078-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luoyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Sun Yat\u2010sen University Shenzhen People's Republic of 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