{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:16:19Z","timestamp":1772997379910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Influenza virus is known to cause mild to severe respiratory infections and is also prone to genetic mutations. Of all the mutations, neuraminidase (NA) gene mutations are a matter of concern, as most approved antivirals target this protein. During the 2020 influenza season, an emergence of mutation in the NA gene, affecting the binding of the World Health Organization (WHO)\u2010recommended probes to the specific site of the NA gene, was reported by our group. As a result of this mutation, the WHO\u2010recommended allelic discrimination real\u2010time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) assay was unable to detect wild\u2010type (H275) or mutant oseltamivir\u2010resistant (Y275) strains of influenza A(H1N1)pmd09 viruses. In the current study, the WHO\u2010recommended probes were redesigned according to the mutation in the probe binding site. Fifty undetermined samples (2020\u20132021) from the previous study were retested with the newly designed probes and found to be positive for H275 and\/or Y275. The results obtained were similar to the Sanger sequencing results from the previous study, suggesting that the redesigned probes were efficient in discriminating between wild\u2010type and mutant\u2010type viruses. Furthermore, 133 samples from 2022, making a total of 183 samples (2020\u20132022), were tested using improved allelic discrimination real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR, and the overall prevalence rate of oseltamivir resistance in 2020\u20132022 was found to be 0.54%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T06:59:25Z","timestamp":1706597965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of an allelic discrimination real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR assay for detection of H275Y oseltamivir resistance gene mutation among influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients from 2020 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Gandhapu","family":"Harish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ujwal","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Varamballi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiranjay","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3637-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anitha","family":"Jagadesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Clinical Virology","author":"Richman DD","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06839-3.00165-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00040-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03840-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Influenza antiviral drug resistance.2022. Accessed April 1 2023.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/treatment\/antiviralresistance.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.15.3.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI).2023. Accessed December 4 2023.https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-influenza-programme\/laboratory-network\/quality-assurance\/antiviral-susceptibility-influenza\/neuraminidase-inhibitor"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Practical guidance for national influenza centres establishing or implementing neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility surveillance.2018. Accessed October 21 2022.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/practical-guidance-for-national-influenza-centres-establishing-or-implementing-neuraminidase-inhibitor-susceptibility-surveillance"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR allelic discrimination analysis for detection of the substitution at amino acid 275 in the neuraminidase (NA) of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses. 2012. Accessed December 4 2023.https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/influenza\/antiviral-wg-surveillance\/allelic_discrimination_analysis_na275.pdf?sfvrsn=4e616506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza virus genome sequencing and genetic characterization.2022. Accessed August 26 2023.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/professionals\/genetic-characterization.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_18_416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105281"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29427","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.29427","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:25:06Z","timestamp":1772987106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.29427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.29427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.29427","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e29427"}}