{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:23:27Z","timestamp":1781173407841,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The human immunodeficiency virus type 1\u00a0(HIV\u20101) A6 sub\u2010subtype is highly prevalent in Eastern Europe. Over the past decade, the dissemination of the A6 lineage has been expanding in Poland. The recent Russian invasion of Ukraine may further escalate the spread of this sub\u2010subtype. While evolutionary studies using viral sequences have been instrumental in identifying the HIV epidemic patterns, the origins, and dynamics of the A6 sub\u2010subtype in Poland remain to be explored. We analyzed 1185 HIV\u20101 A6 pol sequences from Poland, along with 8318 publicly available sequences from other countries. For analyses, phylogenetic tree construction, population dynamics inference, Bayesian analysis, and discrete phylogeographic modeling were employed. Of the introduction events to Poland, 69.94% originated from Ukraine, followed by 29.17% from Russia. Most A6 sequences in Poland (53.16%) formed four large clades, with their introductions spanning 1993\u22122008. Central and Southern Polish regions significantly influenced migration events. Transmissions among men who have sex with men (MSM) emerged as the dominant risk group for virus circulation, representing 72.92% of migration events. Sequences from migrants were found primarily outside the large clades. Past migration from Ukraine has fueled the spread of the A6 sub\u2010subtype and the current influx of war\u2010displaced people maintains the growing national epidemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T12:55:03Z","timestamp":1708520103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Phylodynamic evolution of HIV\u20101 A6 sub\u2010subtype epidemics in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1071-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Serwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin 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Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Z\u0105bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adults'\u00a0Infectious Diseases Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Siwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adults'\u00a0Infectious Diseases Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Cielniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Science Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Jab\u0142onowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"W\u00f3jcik\u2010Cichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pomeranian Hospitals Gda\u0144sk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Boci\u0105ga\u2010Jasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Jagiellonian University Medical College Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Witor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Hospital Out\u2010Patient's Clinic for 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