{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:04:50Z","timestamp":1792523090983,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000015","name":"Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015631","name":"Merck Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) Infection randomized control trial in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) found that carrageenan use neither reduced acquisition of anal HPV infections nor influenced infection clearance. To investigate carrageenan's lack of protective effect, we compared the change in anal HPV16 and HPV18 viral loads following carrageenan use against placebo. We restricted our analysis to participants who completed\u2009the first four study visits and had a valid baseline sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009161, 54 HIV\u2010positive). Samples were tested for HPV detection using the linear array PCR assay. HPV16\u2010 and\/or HPV18\u2010positive samples were tested for viral load using real\u2010time PCR. For participants who tested HPV16\u2010 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929) or HPV18\u2010positive (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) at least once across visits 1\u22124, we compared the change in type\u2010specific viral load between study arms using the Mann\u2212Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test. Although the median net change in HPV16 and HPV18 viral loads across visits 1\u20104 was higher in the treatment than placebo arm (HPV16: 0.68 vs. 0.18 copies\/cell, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.60; HPV18: 18.32 vs. 10.12 copies\/cell, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.52), these differences were not statistically significant. Results were similar by HIV status. Carrageenan use did not impact anal HPV16 or HPV18 viral loads, which may further explain its lack of protective effect in gbMSM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T03:19:13Z","timestamp":1711423153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of a carrageenan\u2010based gel had no impact on anal HPVs 16 and 18 viral loads in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Pareesa","family":"Kassam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"El\u2010Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7039-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Laurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Tota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Department Merck &amp; Co. Inc.  Rahway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Paul","family":"Tellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2025-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Coutl\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de virologie mol\u00e9culaire, et D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM) Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"de Pokomandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo L.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035113"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055009","article-title":"Efficacy of a carrageenan gel in preventing anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: interim analysis of the lubricant investigation in men to inhibit transmission of HPV infection (LIMIT\u2010HPV) randomised controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Laurie C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00104-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30238"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T04:25:00Z","timestamp":1759379100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.29562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.29562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.29562","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e29562"}}