{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:41:32Z","timestamp":1789656092315,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The natural progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is dynamic, but the longitudinal landscape of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage remains undetermined. To this issue, we studied the association of HBV serological markers with the severity of hepatic inflammatory damage and enumerated HBV\u2010specific T cells using the cultured enzyme\u2010linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot). Five hundred and twenty\u2010four treatment\u2010na\u00efve chronic HBV infection patients were enrolled. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)\u2010positive patients, all HBV virologic indicators negatively correlated with liver inflammatory damage and fibrosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Stronger correlations were accessed in the subgroup of HBeAg\u2010positive patients with HBV DNA\u2009&gt;\u20092\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009IU\/mL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), whereas negative correlations disappeared in patients with HBV DNA\u2009\u2264\u20092\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009IU\/mL. Surprisingly, in HBeAg\u2010negative patients, the HBV DNA level was positively correlated with the hepatic inflammatory damage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The relationship between type \u2161 interferon genes expression and HBV DNA levels also revealed a direct shift from the initial negative to positive in HBeAg\u2010positive patients with HBV DNA declined below 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009IU\/mL. The number of\u00a0HBV\u2010speci\ufb01c T cells were identi\ufb01ed by interferon \u03b3 ELISpot assays and showed a significant increase from HBeAg\u2010positive to HBeAg\u2010negative group. The host's anti\u2010HBV immunity remains effective in HBeAg\u2010positive patients with HBV DNA levels exceeding 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009IU\/mL, as it efficiently eliminates infected hepatocytes and inhibits HBV replication. However, albeit the increasing number of HBV\u2010specific T cells, the host antiviral immune response shifts towards dysfunctional when the HBV DNA load drops below this threshold, which causes more pathological damage and disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T07:19:53Z","timestamp":1711696793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage in chronic HBV infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Bei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 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