{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:09:50Z","timestamp":1774534190485,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccine\u2010associated multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, with insufficient evidence from case reports. Given the scarcity of large\u2010scale data investigating the association between vaccine administration and adverse events, we investigated the global burden of vaccine\u2010associated MS and potential related vaccines from 1967 to 2022. Reports on vaccine\u2010associated MS between 1967 and 2022 were obtained from the World Health Organization International Pharmacovigilance Database (total number of reports\u2009=\u2009120\u2009715\u2009116). We evaluated global reports, reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information components (IC) to investigate associations between 19 vaccines and vaccine\u2010associated MS across 156 countries and territories. We identified 8288 reports of vaccine\u2010associated MS among 132\u2009980 cases of all\u2010cause MS. The cumulative number of reports on vaccine\u2010associated MS gradually increased over time, with a substantial increase after 2020, owing to COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccine\u2010associated MS. Vaccine\u2010associated MS develops more frequently in males and adolescents. Nine vaccines were significantly associated with higher MS reporting, and the highest disproportional associations were observed for hepatitis B vaccines (ROR 19.82; IC<jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub> 4.18), followed by encephalitis (ROR 7.42; IC<jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub> 2.59), hepatitis A (ROR 4.46; IC<jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub> 1.95), and papillomavirus vaccines (ROR 4.45; IC<jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub> 2.01). Additionally, MS showed a significantly disproportionate signal for COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccines (ROR 1.55; IC<jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub> 0.52). Fatal clinical outcomes were reported in only 0.3% (21\/8288) of all cases of vaccine\u2010associated MS. Although various vaccines are potentially associated with increased risk of MS, we should be cautious about the increased risk of MS following vaccination, particularly hepatitis B and COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccines, and should consider the risk factors associated with vaccine\u2010associated MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T12:40:36Z","timestamp":1712234436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Global burden of vaccine\u2010associated multiple sclerosis, 1967\u20132022: A comprehensive analysis of the international pharmacovigilance database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Ho Geol","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul South 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Geun","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul South 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