{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:21:21Z","timestamp":1768868481327,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous research has shown that women's use of a carrageenan gel reduces the risk of acquiring genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections but does not help to clear existing ones. Although gel use may not result in complete clearance, it may decrease the viral load of HPV infections. We tested this hypothesis in the Carrageenan\u2010gel Against Transmission of Cervical Human papillomavirus (CATCH) randomized controlled trial. Participants of the CATCH study were selected for viral load testing if they had completed the first four study visits and tested positive for HPV42 or HPV51 in at least one of these visits. HPV42 and HPV51 were chosen as they were among the most abundant low\u2010 and high\u2010risk types, respectively, in the study sample. We measured viral load with a type\u2010specific real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. Results were displayed using summary statistics. Of 461 enrolled participants, 39 were included in the HPV42 analysis set and 56 in the HPV51 analysis set. The median time between visits 1 and 4 was 3.7 months. The viral load (copies\/cell) of HPV42 ranged from &lt;0.001 to 13\u2009434.1, and that of HPV51 from &lt;0.001 to 967.1. The net median change in HPV42 viral load over all four visits was \u22121.04 copies\/cell in the carrageenan and \u2212147 copies\/cell in the placebo arm (Wilcoxon rank sum test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.26). There was no net median change in HPV51 viral load over all four visits in either arm (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.45). The use of a carrageenan\u2010based gel is unlikely to reduce the viral load of HPVs 42 or 51.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T11:06:08Z","timestamp":1712919968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of a carrageenan gel on viral load of genital human papillomavirus infections in sexually active women: Findings from the Carrageenan\u2010gel Against Transmission of Cervical Human papillomavirus (CATCH) trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7039-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Laurie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"El\u2010Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Tota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Department Merck &amp; Co. Inc. Rahway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Paul","family":"Tellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2025-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franc\u0327ois","family":"Coutle\u0301e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie Mole\u0301culaire, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al (CRCHUM), et De\u0301partement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al Montre\u0301al Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann N.","family":"Burchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo L.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"6744","article-title":"Impact of a new carrageenan\u2010based vaginal microbicide in a female population with genital HPV\u2010infection: first experimental results","volume":"23","author":"Perino A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Efficacy of a carrageenan gel in preventing anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: interim analysis of the lubricant investigation in men to inhibit transmission of HPV infection (LIMIT\u2010HPV) randomised controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Laurie C","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm 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