{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:25:26Z","timestamp":1774355126265,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The scarce and conflicting data on vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis limit our understanding of vaccine safety on a global scale. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the global burden of vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis and to identify the extent of its association with individual vaccines, thereby contributing to the development of a more effective vaccination program. We used data on vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis from 1967 to 2023 (total reports,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009131 255 418 418) from the World Health Organization International Pharmacovigilance Database. Global reporting counts, reported odds ratios (ROR), and information components (ICs) were computed to elucidate the association between the 16 vaccines and the occurrence of vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis across 156 countries. We identified 26 197 reports (men,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910 507 [40.11%]) of vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis from 49 537 reports of all\u2010cause facial paralysis. Vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis has been consistently reported; however, a pronounced increase in reported incidence has emerged after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic, which is attributable to the COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccine. Most vaccines were associated with facial paralysis, with differing levels of association, except for tuberculosis vaccines. COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccines had the highest association with facial paralysis reports (ROR, 28.31 [95% confidence interval, 27.60\u201329.03]; IC, 3.37 [IC\n                    <jats:sub>0.25<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 3.35]), followed by encephalitis, influenza, hepatitis A, papillomavirus, hepatitis B, typhoid, varicella\u2010zoster, meningococcal, Ad\u20105 vectored COVID\u201019, measles, mumps and rubella, diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, pertussis, polio, and\n                    <jats:italic>Hemophilus influenza<\/jats:italic>\n                    type b, pneumococcal, rotavirus diarrhea, and inactivated whole\u2010virus COVID\u201019 vaccines. Concerning age\u2010 and sex\u2010specific risks, vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis was more strongly associated with older age groups and males. The serious adverse outcome and death rate of vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis were extremely low (0.07% and 0.00%, respectively). An increase in vaccine\u2010induced facial paralysis, primarily owing to COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccines, was observed with most vaccines, except tuberculosis vaccines. Given the higher association observed in the older and male groups with vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis, close monitoring of these demographics when administering vaccines that are significantly associated with adverse reactions is crucial.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T03:30:01Z","timestamp":1716521401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Global and regional burden of vaccine\u2010associated facial paralysis, 1967\u20132023: Findings from the WHO international pharmacovigilance database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Yi Deun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South 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USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AP\u2010HP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Lariboisi\u00e8re\u2010Fernand Widal Hospital  Paris France"},{"name":"Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases (EpiAgeing) Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm U1153  Paris France"},{"name":"Research and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, CIBERSAM, ISCIII  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences Lorestan University  Khoramabad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities Vali\u2010E\u2010Asr University of Rafsanjan  Rafsanjan Iran"},{"name":"Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life Aix Marseille University  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo F.","family":"L\u00f3pez S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Dragioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families, and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School 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Geun","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University Medical Center Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University  Yongin South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee 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