{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:33:19Z","timestamp":1792899199344,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRMs) are important determinants of therapeutic effects and outcomes even in end\u2010stage kidney failure (ESKF) people living with HIV (PLWHIV). This study evaluated the prevalence of HIVDRMs and their effect on the shedding of HIV\u20101 into peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluents. This cross\u2010sectional study of PLWHIV and having ESKF and managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and PD,\u00a0collected enrolled patients\u2019 demographic information, clinical and laboratory data, and sequenced HIV\u20101 RNA in unsuppressed plasma and PD effluent samples. HIV viral load and HIVDRMs were determined using qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Stanford University HIVDRM Database, respectively. There were 60 participants recruited with a median age of 43.0 (interquartile\u00a0range [IQR], 38.0\u201347) years and were predominantly on abacavir (88.3%), lamivudine (98.3%), and efavirenz (70%) for a median duration of 8 (IQR, 5\u201311) years. Among participants with detectable HIV\u20101 in PD effluents, the prevalence of HIVDRMs was 62.5% (5\/8) compared to 7.7% (4\/52) among those with undetectable HIV\u20101 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001) with non\u2010nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutations predominating. On Spearman's correlation analysis, high plasma HIV levels\u00a0(\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.649,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), T\u2010cell CD4 count (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120370,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.004), serum creatinine (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.396,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.002), and white blood cell count (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.294,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.023) levels were significant factors correlated with the detection of HIV\u20101 in PD effluents. Moreover, HIVDRMs presence (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.504,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) particularly NNRTI resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.504,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001)\u00a0were also significantly correlated with detection of HIV\u20101 in PD effluents. The presence of HIVDRMs, high plasma HIV viral load, and T\u2010cell CD4 count were correlated with HIV\u20101 shedding into PD effluents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T08:27:22Z","timestamp":1718612842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The prevalence of HIV resistance mutations and their influence on the shedding of HIV\u20101 into peritoneal dialysis effluent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0724-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teboho","family":"Mooko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feziwe Busiswa","family":"Bisiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perpertual","family":"Chikobvu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Community Health University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molefi Daniel","family":"Morobadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Ampath Laboratories Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thabiso Rafaki Petrus","family":"Mofokeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Health of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Munene","family":"Nyaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabre","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Goedhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"PathCare Vermaak Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwazi Celani Zwakele","family":"Ndlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit and Division of Nephrology and hypertension University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global HIV Statistics. 2023. 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Accessed December 7 2023.https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/adult-and-adolescent-arv"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"EACS. European AIDS Clinical Society. European guidelines for treatment of HIV infected adults in Europe. Versi\u00f3n 10.0 2019. Accessed December 7 2023.https:\/\/eacsociety.org\/files\/2019_guidelines-10.0_final.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach.\u00a0World Health Organization;\u00a02016. 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