{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:48:25Z","timestamp":1783046905101,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Approximately 22% of moderately to severely affected atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have a history of eczema herpeticum, a disseminated rash primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV\u20101). Reduced activity of antimicrobial peptides may contribute to the increased susceptibility of AD patients to HSV\u20101. We previously demonstrated that the antimicrobial protein RNase 7 limits HSV\u20101 infection of human keratinocytes by promoting self\u2010DNA sensing. Here, we addressed whether RNase 7 has any effect on HSV\u20101 infection when infecting keratinocytes without exogenously added costimulatory DNA, and which step(s) of the infection cycle RNase 7 interferes with. We quantified viral gene expression by RT\u2010qPCR and flow cytometry, viral genome replication by qPCR, virucidal effects by plaque titration, and plaque formation and the subcellular localization of incoming HSV\u20101 particles by microscopy. Recombinant RNase 7 restricted HSV\u20101 gene expression, genome replication, and plaque formation in human keratinocytes. It decreased HSV\u20101 immediate\u2010early transcripts independently of the induction of interferon\u2010stimulated genes. Its main effect was on intracellular infection processes and not on extracellular virions or virus binding to cells. RNase 7 reduced the amount of cell\u2010associated capsids and the HSV\u20101 envelope glycoprotein D at 3 but not at 0.5\u2009h postinfection. Our data show that RNase 7 directly restricts HSV\u20101 infection of human keratinocytes, possibly by promoting the degradation of incoming HSV\u20101 particles. This suggests that RNase 7 may limit HSV\u20101 spread in the skin and that mechanisms that reduce its activity in the lesional skin of AD patients may increase their susceptibility to eczema herpeticum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T07:14:09Z","timestamp":1727939649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The antimicrobial protein RNase 7 directly restricts herpes simplex virus infection of human keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5984-1873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Zeitvogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8222-3085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katinka","family":"D\u00f6hner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4754-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2189-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Rademacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kiel University Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5819-777X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regine","family":"Gl\u00e4ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kiel University Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-3036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beate","family":"Sodeik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover\u2010Braunschweig Partner Site Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4075-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kiel University Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6005-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Werfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0001-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607321200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-100422-022751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.041.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1982373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14853"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.15205","article-title":"High recurrence rate of eczema herpeticum in moderate\/severe atopic dermatitis \u2010TREATgermany registry analysis","volume":"21","author":"Traidl S","year":"2023","journal-title":"JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20204-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000128582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v103.9413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2012.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2006-7-10-r100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11010077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76804"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.53.2.634-644.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"298","volume-title":"Choosing and using statistics","author":"Dytham C","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1647-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.5.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0407-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-023-00679-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02471-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02901-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02304-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00262-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00864-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.395"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29942","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.29942","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:13:19Z","timestamp":1777705999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.29942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.29942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.29942","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e29942"}}