{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:06:49Z","timestamp":1788998809438,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in humans is usually asymptomatic but ultimately results in viral persistence. In immunocompromised hosts, virus reactivation can lead to nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis. The urinary tract serves as a silent reservoir for the virus. Recently, it has been demonstrated that human bladder microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) serve as viral reservoirs, given their unique response to infection, which involves interferon (IFN) production. The aim of the present study was to better understand the life cycle of BKPyV in HBMVECs, uncover the molecular pathway leading to IFN production, and to identify the connection between the viral life cycle and the activation of the IFN response. Here, in the early stage of infection, BKPyV virions were found in internalized monopinocytic vesicles, while later they were detected in late endosomes, lysosomes, tubuloreticular structures, and vacuole\u2010like vesicles. The production of viral progeny in these cells started at 36\u2009h postinfection. Increased cell membrane permeability and peaks of virion release coincided with the leakage of viral and cellular DNA into the cytosol at approximately 60\u2009h postinfection. Leaked DNA colocalized with and activated cGAS, leading to the activation of STING and the consequent transcription of\n                    <jats:italic>IFNB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and IFN\u2010related genes; in contrast, the IFN response was attenuated by exposure to the cGAS inhibitor, G140. These findings highlight the importance of the cGAS\u2010STING pathway in the innate immune response of HBMVECs to BKPyV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T03:46:56Z","timestamp":1730519216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["BK Polyomavirus Infection of Bladder Microvascular Endothelial Cells Leads to the Activation of the cGAS\u2010STING Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Bru\u0161t\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Charles University, BIOCEV  Vestec Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Ryabchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Charles University, BIOCEV  Vestec Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Liebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Methods, Core Facility, Faculty of Science Charles University, BIOCEV  Vestec Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Horn\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Charles University, BIOCEV  Vestec Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitka","family":"Forstov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Charles University, BIOCEV  Vestec Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5221-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Hu\u00e9rfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Charles University, BIOCEV  Vestec Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2794-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071546"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5845.77"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"A Human Papovavirus (B.K.), Biological Properties and Seroepidemiology","volume":"5","author":"M\u00e4ntyj\u00e4rvi R. 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