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Concurrently, our study identified a significant increase in the incidence of indeterminate results from the Interferon\u2010\u03b3 Release Assay (IGRA) among hospitalized patients during this period. Peripheral T cells from these individuals were unable to produce measurable levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 upon stimulation with the PHA mitogen. This indeterminate IGRA results emerged as a potential risk factor for increased mortality among severely affected elderly COVID\u201019 patients, contributing to an understanding of the observed excess mortality. The deep serum proteomic analysis elucidated a dysfunctional immune response and defect in cardiac function of those patients. A predictive panel including IGRA results significantly enhanced the accuracy of predicting mortality outcomes in COVID\u201019 cases (AUC\u2009=\u20090.9762). We also extended the relevance of indeterminate IGRA outcomes as a risk factor for mortality to elderly non\u2010COVID\u201019 respiratory infections, providing valuable prognostic insights into this type of disease and informing targeted and effective therapeutic interventions for similar outbreaks in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T06:22:24Z","timestamp":1732602144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Indeterminate Result\u00a0of Interferon\u2010\u03b3 Release Assay\u2014A Risk Factor of Mortality for COVID\u201019 and Non\u2010COVID\u201019 Respiratory Infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine Multi\u2010Omics Research, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine Peking 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