{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:57:02Z","timestamp":1790092622528,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011680","name":"King Fahad Medical City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>MERS is a respiratory disease caused by MERS\u2010CoV. Multiple outbreaks have been reported, and the virus co\u2010circulates with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. The long\u2010term (&gt;\u20096 years) cellular and humoral immune responses to MERS\u2010CoV and their potential cross\u2010reactivity to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and its variants are unknown. We comprehensively investigated long\u2010lasting MERS\u2010CoV\u2010specific cellular and humoral immunity, and its cross\u2010reactivity against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and its variants, in individuals recovered from MERS\u2010CoV infection 1\u201310 years prior. Two cohorts of MERS\u2010CoV survivors (31 unvaccinated, 38 COVID\u201019 vaccinated) were assessed for MERS\u2010CoV IgG, memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, and neutralizing antibodies against MERS\u2010CoV and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants. MERS\u2010CoV IgG levels and T cell responses were higher in the 1\u20135 vs 6\u201310 year postinfection groups. Vaccinated MERS\u2010CoV survivors had significantly elevated MERS\u2010CoV IgG and neutralization compared to unvaccinated. Both groups demonstrated cross\u2010reactive neutralization of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants. MERS\u2010CoV survivors vaccinated against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 had higher anti\u2010MERS IgG, cellular immunity, and neutralization than unvaccinated survivors. MERS\u2010CoV immune responses can persist for a decade. COVID\u201019 vaccination boosted humoral and cellular immunity in MERS\u2010CoV survivors, suggesting the benefits of vaccination for this population. These findings have implications for pan\u2010coronavirus vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T09:39:45Z","timestamp":1737106785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A 10 Year Long\u2010Lived Cellular and Humoral MERS\u2010CoV Immunity Cross\u2010Recognizing the Wild\u2010Type and Variants of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102: A Potential One\u2010Way MERS\u2010CoV Cross\u2010Protection Toward a Pan\u2010Coronavirus Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bandar","family":"Alosaimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1270-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maaweya","family":"Awadalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Alturaiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Airu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Rebh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer N.","family":"Alshukairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jincun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangzhou laboratory, Bio\u2010island Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitham S.","family":"Alkadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110859"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7819-7826.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01061-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61887-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vev023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, SARS\u2010CoV, and MERS\u2010CoV: A Comparative Overview","volume":"28","author":"Rabaan A. 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