{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:08:45Z","timestamp":1772813325495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in India, with limited data on its role in childhood AES in southern India. We systematically evaluated children with AES in southern India during a non\u2010epidemic period for CHIKV. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested for CHIKV using IgM ELISA and real\u2010time reverse transcriptase PCR. Amplicon sequencing was performed on PCR\u2010positive samples. Clinical and laboratory features were compared between children with and without CSF CHIKV positivity (PCR\/IgM antibodies). Of 376 children with AES, 20 (5.3%) had positive CHIKV tests. Co\u2010infections were common, particularly with scrub typhus. Children presented with diverse symptoms affecting various organ systems. Neurological manifestations included meningism, seizures, cerebellar signs, behavioral abnormalities, cranial nerve involvement, involuntary movements, and hemiparesis\/hemiplegia. Children with CSF CHIKV positivity showed more focal neurological deficits and transaminitis, and less musculoskeletal symptoms. Sequencing confirmation of CHIKV was made in all patients with positive CHIKV PCR, revealing a close relationship with 2016 Kenyan and Indian strains, albeit in a different clade within the East\/Central\/South African genotype. Along with important mutations known to impact CHIKV infectivity, four novel amino acid substitutions were detected in envelope protein coding regions. Our findings underscore the importance of routine and comprehensive CHIKV testing for children with AES, irrespective of season\/outbreak. The high rate of co\u2010infections warrants further research. Continued genomic surveillance is essential to monitor emerging mutations with epidemic potential, increased severity and the risk of neurological disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T12:50:01Z","timestamp":1739623801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microbiological Investigations for Chikungunya Virus in Children With Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in a Non\u2010Outbreak Setting in Southern India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7658-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Damodar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health &amp; Neurosciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitra","family":"Pattabiraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health &amp; Neurosciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhagteshwar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical &amp; Infectious Diseases Unit Royal Liverpool University Hospital Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health &amp; Neurosciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namratha","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health &amp; Neurosciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhila","family":"L","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health &amp; Neurosciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramada","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health &amp; Neurosciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uddhava V.","family":"Kinhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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