{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:07:20Z","timestamp":1784290040546,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Late\u2010 and advanced HIV diagnoses remain significant challenges worldwide. Understanding the factors associated with and testing practice among those with late (CD4\u2009&lt;\u2009350 cells\/\u00b5L) and advanced diagnoses (CD4\u2009&lt;\u2009200 cells\/\u00b5L) is essential to diminish AIDS\u2010related morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study manually reviewed e\u2010medical records of new HIV diagnoses between 2011 and 2022 at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia. Among 606 new diagnoses, 25% (152\/606) were late, 11% (65\/606) were advanced, and 94% (568\/606) were men who have sex with men. Among 352 overseas\u2010born individuals, late or advanced diagnoses increased from 22% (4\/18) in 2011 to 56% (5\/9) in 2022. No significant change was observed among Australian\u2010born individuals. Late diagnoses were associated with being born in Latin America or in East Asia and Pacific, having no prior sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis in their lifetime, and no drug use in their lifetime. Advanced diagnoses were associated with being born in East Asia and the Pacific, having no prior STI, older age, Medicare\u2010ineligibility, and unknown condom use history in the last year. Key barriers to earlier testing included LGBT\u2010related stigma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941) and recent arrival (&lt;\u20095 years) in Australia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941). The primary risk for contracting HIV was condomless anal sex (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200980). To conclude, one in three new HIV diagnoses was late or advanced, with increased risk among overseas\u2010born, Medicare\u2010ineligible or those with perceived low risk. Tailored campaigns for these underserved populations are urgently needed to promote timely HIV testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T09:04:55Z","timestamp":1749027895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trend and Associated Factors for Late and Advanced HIV Diagnoses in 2011\u20132022 in Melbourne, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warittha","family":"Tieosapjaroen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arron","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Maisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cham\u2010mill","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric P. F.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany R.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Bissessor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS The Urgency of Now: AIDS at a Crossroads Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS 2024 https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2024-unaids-global-aids-update-summary_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Kirby Institute University of New South Wales HIV Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmissible Infections in Australia: Annual Surveillance Report 2023 https:\/\/www.kirby.unsw.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Annual-Surveillance-Report-2023_HIV.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"S.Mcgregor \u201cNational HIV Notifications Post Covid \u201d Oral session presented at: Australasian HIV\/AIDS 2024 conference Sydney Australia September 16 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0221-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55277-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2016(02)04"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019289"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1524120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Melbourne Sexual Health Centre https:\/\/www.mshc.org.au\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"D.Murphy N.Wells J.Ellard andG.Prestage Experiences of HIV Seroconversion Diagnosis and Linkage to Care: Report on Findings From a Qualitative Study of People Recently Diagnosed With HIV 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1095-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001671"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Benefits From Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV Infection","volume":"2","author":"Lundgren J. 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