{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:21:17Z","timestamp":1790324477842,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Respiratory specimens collected via nasopharyngeal and throat swabs are the recommended method of choice for the molecular detection of the Influenza A virus. However, they often cause discomfort to patients and require trained healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to validate a cost\u2010effective nucleic acid extraction\u2010free PCR method using SYBR Green chemistry with saliva samples to diagnose respiratory illnesses caused by the Influenza A virus. For this, we enrolled symptomatic pediatric and adult patients with influenza\u2010like illness. A SYBR Green\u2010based nucleic acid amplification test was used with CDC\u2010recommended primers specific for detecting Influenza A virus. Results from saliva PCR tests were compared with those of standard TaqMan chemistry\u2010based PCR detection from nasopharyngeal swabs. The sensitivities of saliva PCR tests with and without nucleic acid extraction were 93.6% and 87.1%, respectively. Both methods showed specificity of 96% and 98.4%, respectively. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of saliva as a sample using the developed SYBR Green\u2010based PCR for Influenza A virus detection were 90.3% and 97.7%, respectively. Given the high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios, agreement percentage, and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    statistics, this study concluded that saliva is a potential specimen for diagnosing Influenza A virus infection by extraction\u2010free nucleic acid amplification testing. Despite promising results, further validation through large, multicenter studies using fresh samples and subtype\u2010specific analysis is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T09:43:56Z","timestamp":1751363036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Utility of Saliva for Detecting Influenza A Virus by Cost\u2010Effective Extraction\u2010Free SYBR Green\u2010Based PCR"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Jabiya Eliza","family":"Varughese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali Anne","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ani","family":"Thampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jijo Joseph","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Mary","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2611-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleetus","family":"Cherupanakkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Believers Church Medical College Hospital Thiruvalla Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Influenza (Seasonal)(WHO 2023) https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza\u2010(seasonal)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pediatric Influenza in the Emergency Department: Diagnosis and Management","volume":"18","author":"Goldman R. 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