{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:16:13Z","timestamp":1786554973551,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 has evolved from early variants dominating the first (B.1.5, B.1.1) and second (B.1.177) pandemic waves, which exhibited a higher frequency of minority mutants with deletions leading to Defective Viral Genomes (DVGs) in the\n                    <jats:italic>spike<\/jats:italic>\n                    region near the S1\/S2 cleavage site than the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. The emergence of Omicron has significantly altered the dominant variant profile, with Omicron subvariants now representing 100% of circulating viruses. To monitor the evolution and adaptation of Omicron in the human population, a deep\u2010sequencing study was performed in RNA samples of BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 Omicron subvariants. The findings reveal two occurrences of similar evolutionary patterns within SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 characterized by a shift from a significant to a very low production of DVGs. This event suggests that DVGs might play a role in the virus's spread and adaptation for persistence in infected humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T09:38:46Z","timestamp":1751276326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deep Sequencing Reveals Dual Evolution of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102: Insights Into Defective Genomes From Wuhan\u2010Hu\u20101 Variants to Omicron Subvariants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Iba\u00f1ez\u2010Lligo\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Colomer\u2011Castell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damir","family":"Garcia\u2011Cehic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pi\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2011S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadna","family":"Rando\u2011Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Esperalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcis","family":"Saub\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tabernero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Basic Science Department International University of Catalonia Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy (CB\u2010DDT) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Ignacio","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate W.","family":"Hakze\u2010van der Honing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Lelystad the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andries A.","family":"Kampfraath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Lelystad the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Vergara\u2010Alert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Mixta d'Investigaci\u00f3 IRTA\u2010UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Segal\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Mixta d'Investigaci\u00f3 IRTA\u2010UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria, UAB Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim H. M.","family":"van der Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Lelystad the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e0s","family":"Pumarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Microbiology Department Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Microbiology Department Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0014-084X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Quer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases\u2011Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0770-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-02040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00878-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.146134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0465-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3532"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22341-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24918-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1806735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04479-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45075-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49098-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2093135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","article-title":"The Mysterious Origins of the Omicron Variant of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102","volume":"3","author":"Du P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00909-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01579-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0485-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43703-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01712-0"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70987","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70476","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.70476","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.70476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:51:54Z","timestamp":1780062714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.70476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.70476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.70476","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70476"}}